Revealing mistake: When everybody is in a big fight at the Do What You Feel Festival, watch out for a man in an orange shirt with black hair. His left eye keeps disappearing for one frame.
Deliberate mistake: When Homer pushes the trampoline off the cliff, there is no rock below the falling trampoline. However, in the shot at the bottom a tall rock is visible which was drawn there on purpose for the trampoline to bounce off of, despite not being visible in the first shot.
Continuity mistake: When Homer and Marge are on stage with Brad Goodman, Homer is eating toffee apples. He keeps eating them but they stay the same size.
Continuity mistake: When Homer and Marge are in bed Marge moves up and we can see she isn't wearing anything, but in the close up you can see that she is wearing her pyjamas - note the thing around her neck, then it's back to nothing.
Continuity mistake: At the "Do What You Feel" Festival, Homer shows up in his house robe, bear feet styled slippers, unshaven, and unbrushed hair. When he takes the float to save Bart, he's in his regular clothing of blue pants, white shirt, shoes, and clean shaven.
Answer: I'm not sure if this is the one you're thinking of, but an episode of "Ray Bradbury Theatre," called "A Sound of Thunder," dealt with a similar matter: a group of hunters travel back in time to hunt dinosaurs, only to find things have changed when they get back because someone stepped on a butterfly.
Xofer