Trivia: At around 5 mins 11 seconds into the episode, Vincent Nigel-Murrey and Dr. Saroyan are discussing the bones on the forensic platform. In the background of a shot of Vincent, the x-ray on the screen is of Homer Simpson's head in the middle of the screen, instead of a real human skull.
The Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood - S5-E4
Visible crew/equipment: We can see crew reflected in Hodgins' car door as he arrives at the crime scene. (00:20:20)
The Proof in the Pudding - S5-E12
Continuity mistake: At the end when Booth is hugging Brennan after the bone sinks, Brennan's hands go from being clenched to being open to being clenched again. (00:37:00)
The Plain in the Prodigy - S5-E3
Factual error: When Bones and Booth go to visit Levi's parents and Sarah's brother yells at her that she is needed at home, when he gets into the buggy you see him wearing a wedding ring. Amish wear a beard to indicate marital status, not jewelry it is against the religion to wear any decoration including wedding rings. (00:08:50)
The Beginning in the End - S5-E22
Continuity mistake: At the start, the amount of maggots in the boy's hair changes between shots. (00:00:30)
The Witch in the Wardrobe - S5-E20
Continuity mistake: Bones draws a circle around the pentagram; however, it changes designs when we next see it. (00:35:10)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: At the very end of the episodes, Booth is holding his beer by his mouth. As the camera does its final change of angle and starts to fade out, he is now drinking his beer, despite an instant cut. (00:41:15)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: Booth holds out the cheque for Dimitri Vladov to see. It is either held horizontally or vertically, depending on the camera angle. (00:29:40)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: When Booth is holding up Ben's cheque, the way he holds it changes from the front view and the over-the-shoulder view. (00:24:50)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: When we first see the skull, it has all its teeth in place. When the skull lands on the bottom of the tank, a top tooth is missing. (00:04:20)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: At the start, the woman has her hand on her bag in one shot, but when the changes, it's no longer on the bag strap. (00:00:15)
The Death of the Queen Bee - S5-E17
Visible crew/equipment: When Hodgins rushes to speak to Angela, a yellow marker is visible on the floor. (00:07:50)
The Death of the Queen Bee - S5-E17
Continuity mistake: Booth opens the bathroom door while on the phone to Sweets. However, the door has closed itself as Booth is walking away. (00:06:50)
The Death of the Queen Bee - S5-E17
Continuity mistake: At the start, the quantity and position of the maggots on the girl's face change position between shots. (00:01:00)
The Witch in the Wardrobe - S5-E20
Continuity mistake: When they reveal that the stab wounds create a pentagram, Brennan misses one of the dots while drawing it, but when they have the pentagram in frame the next time the pentagram has been redrawn. (00:34:57)
Continuity mistake: When Booth gets the print off the block, the tape has loads of black charcoal dust on it. The camera now zooms in and shows a distinctive clear finger print with no excess dust. (00:20:00)
Continuity mistake: The amount of blood on the breeze block changes between shots when Bones first looks at it. (00:18:50)
Continuity mistake: Wendal says he's worried about Hodgins not knowing about him and Angela. When he does, he's stroking Angela's shoulder with his finger tips in one shot but got his whole hand on her shoulder in the next. (00:08:50)
Continuity mistake: When we see Wendal and Angela in bed, Wendal has his arm up by his head in one shot and lowered in the next. (00:08:30)
Continuity mistake: Cam points out near the start that Booth has evidence in his hair. Booth then raises his hand as if to find it and raises it up near the top of his head. When the camera cuts his hand however is near his ear. (00:07:20)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.