Continuity mistake: Zac is going over the details of the boy's injuries and in doing so is touching the body. Camera cuts and his hand is now a good 2 foot higher than the body. (00:10:50)
Continuity mistake: At the start Bones starts to put the roof down on her car. Camera cuts and the roof is instantly down. Not possible in an instant cut. (00:01:40)
Continuity mistake: When telling the sheriff about the cannibal he raises his cup. Camera cuts and he raises his cup again. (00:15:30)
Visible crew/equipment: When Booth walks out of the bar, he puts his jacket on and his shirt rides up a bit. When it does, you can see a mic wire under his shirt. (00:36:45)
Continuity mistake: When Zac is signing for his package, the courier has her hands on the top of the box. Camera cuts and they are no longer on the box. (00:18:05)
Visible crew/equipment: As Booth gets out of his car at the start you can see a crew member in blue jeans reflected in the paintwork. (00:05:40)
Visible crew/equipment: When Booth and Bones are driving at the start a square light screen is reflected in Booth's sunglasses. (00:04:40)
Continuity mistake: At the end when Booth is talking to Bones at the diner he has his left hand flat on the counter in one shot and then raised up in the next. (00:41:00)
Continuity mistake: When Booth finds the broken CD he rests it on his face, camera cuts and now he is pointing with it. (00:26:30)
Audio problem: When Angela is saying the line "put an adolescent in an awkward situation" you can see that her words don't match her mouth. (00:18:25)
Continuity mistake: When Booth arrives at the posh school, the gate-man goes to put his pen in his shirt pocket. Camera cuts and now his hand is suddenly down by his side. (00:03:50)
Other mistake: When Booth says about passing the journey in quiet meditation, the background outside the car (which is s projection) flashes white very briefly. (00:02:50)
Continuity mistake: At the start, Zac leans forward and says to Booth about calling after every sexual encounter. Camera cuts to Bones and Zac is now sat back again. (00:02:25)
Continuity mistake: At the end after shooting Farheed, we see Booth with both hands on the railing. Camera shows a secret service operative opening the camera bag containing the bomb then cuts back to Booth who suddenly has his gun back in his hands and raised as if he had just fired. (00:38:50)
Audio problem: When going up the escalator, Booth's lines after the quip about tying up horses are overdubbed. (00:37:10)
Continuity mistake: Booth finds the entry in the diary and holds up a square of paper. Camera cuts and he is now looking at his watch with the diary and paper gone. (00:35:25)
Continuity mistake: When Bones and Booth are discussing him and Tessa breaking up, the background outside the car changes between traveling at speed, traveling slowly, travelling through residential and traveling on highways all instantly. (00:32:25)
Continuity mistake: When talking to the brother, he bends over to place a tray of drinks on the table. Camera changes and he is suddenly stood bolt upright. (00:20:25)
Continuity mistake: When Bones is arguing with Booth and Angela at the bar, we see 3 extras walk in to the bar behind Bones. Camera cuts and they have disappeared. (00:18:20)
Continuity mistake: When Bones and Booth are arguing in the bar about the wife having an affair, Bones has chopsticks in her hand that disappears. (00:18:00)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.