Continuity mistake: Just after Homer has used the proton accelerator, Dean talks to him. In this scene he is writing something on a piece of paper, but he writes on the same line every time. He finishes writing on that line, then starts on it again.
Continuity mistake: The colour of the alien poster in the nerds' room changes from pink to blue.
Answer: I'm not sure if this is the one you're thinking of, but an episode of "Ray Bradbury Theatre," called "A Sound of Thunder," dealt with a similar matter: a group of hunters travel back in time to hunt dinosaurs, only to find things have changed when they get back because someone stepped on a butterfly.
Xofer