Continuity mistake: When Bart's army is attacking Nelson, there are a lot more kids attacking Nelson than there were training with Bart.
Continuity mistake: At the start, when Nelson takes the cupcakes, you can see that after he has started eating them there are 4 left in the box. Just before he shuts the lid to drop it, you can just see the tops of 6 cupcakes.
Continuity mistake: When Bart is training up his army, the colours of the kid's tops keep changing between shots.
Continuity mistake: When Bart enters the tree house after being beaten up, he puts his hat on a peg behind him. In some later shots at an angle you can just see the hat behind him. In the shots from directly in front of Bart, the hat is not on the peg.
Continuity mistake: Homer draws a face on a punching bag. He starts to show Bart how its done. The punching bag has its eyes filled in now.
Continuity mistake: At the end when Nelson's goons are holding on to Nelson, they both have brown skin. But in the next shot, one of them goes back to having yellow skin.
Answer: I'm not sure if this is the one you're thinking of, but an episode of "Ray Bradbury Theatre," called "A Sound of Thunder," dealt with a similar matter: a group of hunters travel back in time to hunt dinosaurs, only to find things have changed when they get back because someone stepped on a butterfly.
Xofer