The Doom in the Boom - S11-E10
Character mistake: In the last scene of the episode, the hospital doctor comes into a waiting room to give a status on Hodges to his coworkers. She is carrying two large x-ray films. Bones says "Are those the MRIs? Let me see them." Bones would have known that they were x-ray films and not MRI scans, which would have been printed on paper.
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.