The Glowing Bones in the Old Stone House - S2-E20
Continuity mistake: When Abby is found out, she has her arms waving in desperation in one shot but not in others. (00:38:00)
The Girl in the Gator - S2-E13
Continuity mistake: The form Booth holds out for Gordon is fully opened. Camera changed and now the form is half folded. (00:06:45)
Continuity mistake: Booth chucks Parker's ice cream on the floor along with the napkin. When Bones picks up the napkin the ice cream has gone. (00:20:00)
The Final Chapter: The End in the End - S12-E12
Continuity mistake: When Booth finds Bones she has a piece of glass on her face that turns into 3 pieces then back to 1. (00:03:00)
The Final Chapter: The Flaw in the Saw - S12-E6
Continuity mistake: At the start the intern puts the liver to one side, which promptly disappears.
The Skull in the Desert - S1-E17
Continuity mistake: Booth chucks a bag to Bones, who's still in bed. The bag is seen rolling off her in one shot and then it's back on her in the next shot. (00:07:25)
The Skull in the Desert - S1-E17
Continuity mistake: Booth chucks a bag over to Bones and it lands on her legs. Camera cuts and now it's up by her chest. (00:07:15)
Two Bodies in the Lab - S1-E15
Continuity mistake: Just after David rings Bones while she's at home, Booth's hand goes from open to closed instantly. (00:25:45)
Two Bodies in the Lab - S1-E15
Continuity mistake: Bones holds up a bunch of keys about halfway through. Her grip changes on the keys instantly. (00:22:35)
The Woman in the Garden - S1-E13
Continuity mistake: When Booth checks out the gang tattoo his grip on the suspect's shoulders changes instantly. (00:01:00)
The Man in the Fallout Shelter - S1-E9
Continuity mistake: At the very start we have a message appear on screen saying it's December 23rd, 6pm. When we see Hodgins and Zack the clock shows 4:30. (00:00:25 - 00:02:40)
The Head in the Abutment - S11-E19
Continuity mistake: After Hodgins asks for a drone we see Booth and Bones driving over a bridge. Camera cuts to inside the car and they are now in the middle of a town.
Continuity mistake: When interviewing Rulz, Bones looks at his wrist. In the closeup he is holding a vinyl. Camera changes to show all of Rulz and his hands are now on his knees. (00:17:50)
Continuity mistake: Bones photographs the arm on a silver tray and sends the photos to Zack and Angela. When they view the photos, they are on a blue background. (00:08:00)
Continuity mistake: We see Bones talking to Dr. Goodman about being sent to Washington. They are upstairs in the Jeffersonian as shown, they turn left through a door and are instantly downstairs. (00:02:40)
The Movie in the Making - S11-E18
Continuity mistake: The amount of squirt cheese on Aubrey's pop tart changes between shots. (00:32:40)
Continuity mistake: While waiting for the sex tapes, Bones has her arms crossed or leaning on the car door depending on the shot. (00:29:25)
Continuity mistake: When Bones is saying how good Hodgins is with bugs, the amount and length of noodles hanging out of her mouth changes instantly. (00:19:20)
Continuity mistake: On the platform, Bones gets a phone call. Notice her ponytail. Before the phone call it's high and tight. She then looks at her phone and its low and loose then high and tight again. (00:11:50)
The Fight in the Fixer - S11-E15
Continuity mistake: When Bones is discussing Angela's cut off point for reconstructions, her hand goes from open and facing to the floor to pointing with one finger at the screen.
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.