Trivia: The episode revolves around a man killing people with the same first names as the thirteen apostles (Mary Magdalene being the 13th), and killing them in a similar fashion in which the apostles died. At one point, Colby and David find a box with a mannequin's head in it. This is a reference to the film Se7en, in which seven people are killed for committing one of the seven deadly sins. The film ends with the main characters finding an actual head in a box.
Trivia: Judd Hirsch is an astro-physicist and can actually do the math Charlie does on the show. He caught the acting bug in school and chose that over physics.
Answer: Craps is a casino game where players bet on the outcome of a dice roll. It deals heavily with probabilities and is a favorite of math experts like Charlie. Whatever the odds, though, your chances of winning are much greater than winning the lottery.
If you bet against the roller in craps, your odds of winning are about 49%, which is as good as you get in Vegas. The point he's making (though it's pretty obscure) is that if you're going to bet, you may as well bet on something where you have a slim chance of winning, as opposed to the lottery, where your chances are basically 0.