The Sontaran Stratagem (1) - S4-E4
Revealing mistake: In the beginning, the ATMOS system takes the car to the Thames, then runs it into the river. At first, the car runs forward normally. After the angle change, there's a huge white cloud of mist behind the car that dissipates quickly, meaning an air cannon of a sort was used to propel the car into the river. (00:02:35)
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.