Soccer Mom in the Mini-Van - S3-E2
Continuity mistake: In the opening scene the victim's right hand is by the car shifter when the bomb explodes, but when Booth and Brennan first get to the van, the right hand is melted onto the steering wheel. (00:00:50 - 00:01:35)
The Girl in Suite 2103 - S2-E6
Continuity mistake: When Angela and Hodges are working out the size of the silhouette on the wall, as Angela says "which I deny", she's got a relatively serious look on her face. We then cut to a shot from the other side of her, and she's suddenly smiling.
Mother and Child in the Bay - S2-E2
Revealing mistake: When Bones and Booth are driving in his SUV talking about Abraham in the Bible, you can see that Bones' side window is lowered almost all the way down, but her hair is perfectly still and not being blown around as it normally would be.
Continuity mistake: When Zac is taking photos of the bones, the shot is flipped. Note the logo and writings on his jacket. (00:07:10)
The Knight on the Grid - S3-E8
Other mistake: Towards the end of the episode, Bones and Booth visit social services and discover the identify of an elderly man whom they then suspect to be a Gormagon Master, who had retired from social services and lived in a nursing home. Much earlier in the episode, back at the lab, there is a glass panel with a flow chart of Masters and Apprentice Gormagon's - one labeled Master has the picture of the old man from the nursing home - this is before the visit to social services or the nursing home. (00:28:20)
The Superhero in the Alley - S1-E12
Factual error: Booth is supposed to be a (former) Army sniper. Military personnel chosen to be snipers are expert shooters. At the young mans grave, Booth places a sharpshooter badge on the boys casket. Being a sniper, Booth should be an expert and, as such, should have placed an expert badge instead of a sharpshooter. (Rifle and Pistol sharpshooter badges in rank lowest to highest: marksman, sharpshooter, then expert.)
Harbingers in a Fountain - S5-E1
Continuity mistake: When Angela is checking the facial recognition, the photos actually stay the same, but just rotate spots.
Factual error: When the gang is reviewing mall security footage to find the kids, Angela says her maximum resolution is 640x480 pixels 'per square inch'. Digital resolution is not defined per inch - it's defined by the entire image. Secondly; moments later, she refers to having another angle of the scene - but the camera shows the very same shot as was just seen. (00:14:40)
The Twisted Bones in the Melted Truck - S6-E8
Continuity mistake: At the end the amount of chocolate ice cream on Parker's chin keeps changing.
The Feet on the Beach - S6-E17
Plot hole: Dr. Filmore stated that he was reading on Thursday May 9th and his arm stopped working. May 9th hasn't been on a Thursday since 2002. Hard to believe that he would be working for almost 10 years with his arms being paralyzed.
The Cinderella in the Cardboard - S4-E20
Continuity mistake: When Daisy convinces Sweets that she's not cheating on him, her arms move back and forth from his shoulders to around his neck. (00:37:05)
The Graft in the Girl - S1-E20
Continuity mistake: At 20:13 into the episode, a bunch of victims are shown on the computer screen. If you read their info, several are from Arlington, Virginia. Booth has been trying to find victims from out of state, but says nothing when these come up on the screen. Shortly after this is shown, Hodgins tells him about a victim in Lynchberg, Virginia. He then takes action as the victim is from out of state. He should've noticed the others. (00:20:10)
Character mistake: When Booth is locked in the ship, his "hallucination" asks Booth why he never bothered to learn some lock picking skills. However, in the episode "Judas on a Pole," Bones tells Booth that she's been practicing some lock picking skills that Booth taught her.
The Woman at the Airport - S1-E10
Plot hole: The surgical instrument that killed 'Susan' was the same one used on her jaw during her plastic surgery. 'Leslie" would not have been able to get the instrument to use to murder her and then put it back in the case, since it was still in the office in the case when Bones and Booth came to get it.
The Science in the Physicist - S4-E19
Continuity mistake: When Bones and Booth get trapped in the resonance chamber, the position of Booth's hands over his ears changes back and forth between shots. (00:34:30)
The Skull in the Desert - S1-E17
Other mistake: When Bones, Booth and Angela are in the desert looking for the crime scene and sheriff's sister, Booth mentions they are at least five days walking distance from the highway. A few moments later you can see trucks and other vehicles go by on a highway in the far background. (00:30:02 - 00:31:22)
The Proof in the Pudding - S5-E12
Continuity mistake: At the end when Booth is hugging Brennan after the bone sinks, Brennan's hands go from being clenched to being open to being clenched again. (00:37:00)
The Verdict in the Story - S3-E13
Revealing mistake: At the end where Brennan is waiting outside the courthouse, you can see Booth's (David's) arm. You can see it just to the left of the large column on the right side of the screen. It is there before he leaves the courtroom, and before he walks up. He is supposed to be walking to her from the courtroom, but the actor is instead waiting behind the pillar for his cue.
The Bullet in the Brain - S6-E11
Factual error: Bone mentions Booth holds the "official record for the longest shot, almost a kilometer", and Booth corrects her to "over a kilometer." The record at the time was actually well over 2km, held by Corporal Rob Furlong, a Canadian sniper (since been beaten, it currently stands at 3.5km). In fact plenty of sniper kills had been recorded at over a kilometer since the late 19th century.
The Pain in the Heart - S3-E15
Character mistake: Bones says the remains are from someone about 180cm tall, and when asked for the "English" version, says "approximately 5'8." But 180cm is nearly 5'11" - 5'8" is only just over 170cm. Not a simplification someone as pedantic/accurate as Bones would make.
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.