Factual error: In this episode, it is stated that the Moon's sudden increase in mass caused a devastating global high tide. The amount of the increase in mass is given as 1.3 billion tonnes. But the Moon has a mass of over 70,000,000,000 billion tonnes, or over 50 billion times the supposed increase. Such a negligible increase in mass, less than 0.000000002%, would have almost no effect on Earth's tides, let alone be devastating. (00:20:46)
Continuity mistake: When Robin Hood has finished introducing the merry men to the Doctor and Clara, Clara says "You really are Robin Hood and his merry men" and she is shown with her arms parted away from each other. In the next shot, her arms are suddenly closer to her. Then in the next shot, her hands are now closed together. (00:08:25)
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.