Audio problem: When Booth knocks on Decker's front door, there is no sound of the knocking, even though the dialogue and foley bird sounds are clear. Then, a few seconds later, he knocks again and there is still no sound of the knock. (00:08:58)
Harbingers in a Fountain - S5-E1
Continuity mistake: Bones gets stabbed with a scalpel in her arm and it's bleeding profusely. However the next day she has a short sleeve top on and there is no mark or bandage on her arm. (00:30:50)
The Man in the Fallout Shelter - S1-E9
Continuity mistake: As Bones gets a breakthrough in the search for Ivy, She grabs the phone from her shoulder and the camera changes for her to repeat the motion. (00:31:00)
The Skull in the Desert - S1-E17
Other mistake: When Bones, Booth and Angela are in the desert looking for the crime scene and sheriff's sister, Booth mentions they are at least five days walking distance from the highway. A few moments later you can see trucks and other vehicles go by on a highway in the far background. (00:30:02 - 00:31:22)
The Bullet in the Brain - S6-E11
Factual error: Bone mentions Booth holds the "official record for the longest shot, almost a kilometer", and Booth corrects her to "over a kilometer." The record at the time was actually well over 2km, held by Corporal Rob Furlong, a Canadian sniper (since been beaten, it currently stands at 3.5km). In fact plenty of sniper kills had been recorded at over a kilometer since the late 19th century.
The Pain in the Heart - S3-E15
Character mistake: Bones says the remains are from someone about 180cm tall, and when asked for the "English" version, says "approximately 5'8." But 180cm is nearly 5'11" - 5'8" is only just over 170cm. Not a simplification someone as pedantic/accurate as Bones would make.
Character mistake: Bones tells Cam she isn't able to ascertain sex of the victim due to no pelvic bone. However numerous times in the show she is able to confirm sex with just the skull. What's different here? (00:03:00)
The Method in the Madness - S8-E5
Continuity mistake: When Sweets is staying at Booth's and Brennan's house, he comes downstairs after taking a bath and, as he turns, his shoulders are shown without the scars he has in another episode.
Factual error: It's established that a Birimbao is a "small flute" by Dr Brennan. However, a Birimbao is a stringed percussion instrument. (00:03:00)
The Carrot in the Kudzu - S9-E18
Factual error: The plant the victim is covered in is not Kudzu. Kudzu is trifoliate (three leaflets per node) with two or three lobes per leaflet, and with entire margins (no serrations). The plant shown is serrated and does not have lobes.
The Final Chapter: The Day in the Life - S12-E11
Revealing mistake: Aubrey takes a tablet of some kind. However if you watch closely you will see he drops it in his mug instead of in his mouth.
The Monster in the Closet - S11-E13
Continuity mistake: Karen cuts her hand in the interrogation room. Between camera angles the amount of blood changes instantly. (00:24:15)
The Party in the Pants - S8-E22
Other mistake: The body falls from the excavator revealing there is no other debris in the excavator. However when the team get there they are told that the load in the bucket fell on the body, crushing the head. (00:03:15)
The Man in the Fallout Shelter - S1-E9
Continuity mistake: When Lisa arrives at the end she puts her hand to her shoulder. Camera cuts and it's by her side. (00:37:20)
Revealing mistake: When the town doctor confirms the clothing of the female victim you can see the victim is breathing despite missing a heart and being dead for a week. (00:33:10)
The Science in the Physicist - S4-E19
Continuity mistake: When Bones and Booth are looking at the meteorite for the 1st time, they are approached by Chris who folds his arms to talk to the pair. When the shot changes, his hands are now in his pockets. (00:07:50)
The Finger in the Nest - S4-E4
Character mistake: Hodgins discovers sap from a Japanese cherry tree on the bone from the nest. When the new graduate assistant suggests that it is one of the cherry trees at the Jefferson Memorial, Hodgins is skeptical of the information. In reality everyone who has lived in DC knows about the Japanese cherry trees at the memorial. They have an entire festival attributed to it every year and it practically shuts down the city with tourists. Hodgins should have known about the trees to begin with. (00:01:45)
The Movie in the Making - S11-E18
Character mistake: Near the start Bones calls Dr. Vasiri, Dr. Resedi. This is a mistake as she has worked with Dr. Vasiri for a number of years and never calls him Dr. Resedi.
The Bones That Weren't - S6-E5
Continuity mistake: When Derek takes Booth's watch, he holds it up over his index finger to show Booth. When Booth grabs the watch, Derek is now holding it with his thumb and index finger. (00:18:40)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.