Question: Maybourne threatens Daniel with a court-martial if he continues to disobey orders by helping the Tollan. The driving force of him helping is the idea that since he's a civilian he can't be court-martialed. But how accurate is that? Can a civilian who works for and/or with the military be court-martialed, especially if he or she has participated in military operations? The Stargate program is essentially a black-ops program and Daniel signed an NDA, so how could he ever face a non-military court?
Question: I'm just curious, it is stated in "Cold Lazarus" that Oniell's son's name is Charlie, did he name his son after his friend Major Charles Kawalsky?
Answer: No. In the first or second episode of the series Kawalsky says he worked with Jack all those years and never even knew he had a son.
Children of the Gods (1) - S1-E1
Question: At the beginning of the episode, Apophis and his serpent guards invade the SGC. My question is: How could they dial out when there wasn't a DHD?
Chosen answer: Apparently a ribbon device can activate the gate to the address it was dialed from. Like a sort of "*69" on the phone.
Question: Since the DHD on the Antarctica gate would still have to have the symbol for Earth as the point of origin, why couldn't they just take that DHD and attach it to the gate in SGC it would make dialing out faster and they could beat a Goa'uld attack by dialing out faster than the Goa'uld could dial in.
Answer: In "48 Hours", it was revealed that the Antarctic gate stopped working shortly after it was discovered. As one of the oldest DHDs in the galaxy, it simply ran out of power. Also note that the Antarctic gate and the Giza gate have different symbols for their points of origin, so their DHDs might not have been interchangable, anyway.
Children of the Gods (1) - S1-E1
Question: I thought that you could only travel one way through the gate, but in the pilot, the Bad Guys come through, kill the military guys, then go back though without dialing a new wormhole.
Answer: You can only travel that way. The wormhole closed after Apophis forces came through (as can be seen during various scenes). Probably they also brought a mobile version of a DHD got get back (this indeed can't be seen).
They have been various times where the stargate has been dialled without use of the DHD of the dialing computer.
Answer: In real life, under certain conditions, civilians working with military forces can be required to abide by military law as well as the civilian laws of their nation. This is usually when civilians (eg. scientists, contractors, etc) are deployed for a lengthy time as part of a military force at war (or similar operations). The requirement to abide by the law is usually explained carefully to the civilian and signed before deployment. This helps fit civilians into a chain of command and maintains discipline, without having to return to courts in the home country for infractions. There may be many parts of military law that don't apply to the civilian (e.g. alcohol is forbidden to all personnel, but the civilian does not have to have a regulation haircut). Also, very serious crimes by anyone in a force may be dealt with by civilian courts, if the military can't for some reason. So it is feasible that Daniel would be subject to at least some parts of military law (and civil law too).