Corrected entry: When the plane takes off from Stark tower there is nothing to indicate a vertical take off - the engines are facing how they should be for a runway take off.
Corrected entry: When Spiderman is trapped in the back of the cargo truck he starts open up boxes. If you look closely he pulls out a terminator head.
Correction: It's not a Terminator head, but actually a head belonging to one of Ultron's robots from Avengers: Age of Ultron.
Corrected entry: In Captain America: Civil War, Peter's bedroom is a different size and colour to the bedroom in Spider-Man: Homecoming.
Correction: The entire apartment is different. Due to the film taking place two months after Civil War, it's possible that Peter and Aunt May may have moved to a new apartment.
Corrected entry: The Staten Island Ferry is shown transporting motor vehicles on its lower level; this hasn't been done since the September 11, 2001 attacks.
Correction: Trying to claim a factual error two describe difference with the MCU and real life seems like a stretch. Just because in real life the ferry doesn't transport cars like that doesn't mean that service couldn't have resumed in the MCU version of New York. If this is a "factual error" as far as the film is concerned, then it is also a "factual error" to have Stark Tower in the middle of New York (it doesn't really exist), and it's a "factual error" to have alien technology drive the plot since the Battle of New York never actually happened in real life. And you might as well say it's a "factual error" every time a fictional character shows up on screen since they don't exist in real life. In other words, it's part of the story this movie is telling. Or, to put another way, had they had filmed a scene in which someone says "we reinstated the car transportation ferry, " would it still be a factual error simply because it's a fictional digression from the real world?
Despite being a very wordy correction, pretty much everything you said is wrong. Fictional places and people can exist in films set in the real word without it being a factual error. Real world places, people, historical events, etc. can also exist in fictional films, but anything that is factually wrong is a valid mistake (unless something in the film suggested otherwise, which in this case it didn't).
Corrected entry: At the start of the film we jump forward 8 years to present day but the attack in the first Avengers film was only 4 years prior to Captain America Civil War, where Spider Man first appeared at the airport. Spiderman Homecoming is set a few months after that.
Correction: No specific dates are given regarding the first Avengers film, but using scenes and dialogue from other films, we can deduce that it took place earlier than 2012. "Iron Man" was filmed in 2007 and released in 2008, so we can assume it takes place in one of those years. "Iron Man 2" is said to take place 6 months after the end of the first film, with "Thor" and "The Incredible Hulk" taking place around the same time. In "The Avengers" Nick Fury makes reference to Thor and Loki having come to Earth a year prior, which means that "The Avengers" takes place most likely in the summer of 2009 or 2010. So if this film takes place in 2017 or 2018, then the eight-year jump fits within the timeline. It is admittedly confusing, but it checks out.
So I watched all the MCU movies leading up to "Avengers: Infinity War" and there are references to the first "Avengers" film taking place in 2012, notably in "Iron Man 3" with Killian stating that Tony Stark spurned him 13 years earlier on New Years Eve in 1999. Apparently one of the Russo brothers have also stated that the "8 years later" thing is incorrect.
Corrected entry: Toomes figures out who Spider-Man is while he is driving them to the high school "Homecoming" dance. Peter walks into the dance, tells his date that he's sorry, runs through to the back of the school, exits the building, and gets punched in the face by The Shocker. How did The Shocker get to the back of the high school in the 60 seconds he left Toomes' car and ran out the back?
Correction: Toomes had his suspicions confirmed during the car journey, but he already had an idea (otherwise it would be quite a big coincidence for the Spider-Man to suddenly show up where his daughter was in Washington DC). He simply had the Shocker waiting in case he was right. If he wasn't, then he could pick him up and leave for the evening's heist.
Corrected entry: During the practice rounds, the question was asked about what was the densest element. The answer given was "Uranium" (19.1 g/cubic cm). The correct answer is Osmium with a density of 22.59 g/cubic cm).
Correction: They asked which element was the heaviest, meaning the highest atomic weight. Uranium is correct.
Neptunium and Plutonium have been discovered naturally in trace amounts as well, meaning that uranium is also incorrect if measuring atomic weight and not density.
Corrected entry: Before his last fight with the vulture, Spidey has no more web but ties up Toomes with it.
Correction: He never ran out of web fluid.
Correction: The plane has repulsors in the wings facing downward.