Harbingers in a Fountain - S5-E1
Continuity mistake: Bones gets stabbed with a scalpel in her arm and it's bleeding profusely. However the next day she has a short sleeve top on and there is no mark or bandage on her arm. (00:30:50)
The Skull in the Desert - S1-E17
Other mistake: When Bones, Booth and Angela are in the desert looking for the crime scene and sheriff's sister, Booth mentions they are at least five days walking distance from the highway. A few moments later you can see trucks and other vehicles go by on a highway in the far background. (00:30:02 - 00:31:22)
The Bullet in the Brain - S6-E11
Factual error: Bone mentions Booth holds the "official record for the longest shot, almost a kilometer", and Booth corrects her to "over a kilometer." The record at the time was actually well over 2km, held by Corporal Rob Furlong, a Canadian sniper (since been beaten, it currently stands at 3.5km). In fact plenty of sniper kills had been recorded at over a kilometer since the late 19th century.
The Pain in the Heart - S3-E15
Character mistake: Bones says the remains are from someone about 180cm tall, and when asked for the "English" version, says "approximately 5'8." But 180cm is nearly 5'11" - 5'8" is only just over 170cm. Not a simplification someone as pedantic/accurate as Bones would make.
Character mistake: Bones tells Cam she isn't able to ascertain sex of the victim due to no pelvic bone. However numerous times in the show she is able to confirm sex with just the skull. What's different here? (00:03:00)
The Method in the Madness - S8-E5
Continuity mistake: When Sweets is staying at Booth's and Brennan's house, he comes downstairs after taking a bath and, as he turns, his shoulders are shown without the scars he has in another episode.
The Science in the Physicist - S4-E19
Continuity mistake: When Bones and Booth are looking at the meteorite for the 1st time, they are approached by Chris who folds his arms to talk to the pair. When the shot changes, his hands are now in his pockets. (00:07:50)
The Bones That Weren't - S6-E5
Continuity mistake: When Derek takes Booth's watch, he holds it up over his index finger to show Booth. When Booth grabs the watch, Derek is now holding it with his thumb and index finger. (00:18:40)
The Maggots in the Meathead - S6-E3
Continuity mistake: The two slivers that Fisher removes from the skull are placed under a microscope. However, the items move on the screen between the three different camera angles. (00:31:20)
The Couple in the Cave - S6-E2
Continuity mistake: The photo of the victims that Sweets and Booth has out in the park goes from folded and rumpled to straight and neat between shots. (00:17:50)
The Couple in the Cave - S6-E2
Continuity mistake: When Sweets holds out the picture of the victims for Mr. Winkle to look at, his grip on the paper changes between shots. (00:18:00)
The Couple in the Cave - S6-E2
Visible crew/equipment: In the FBI building, for the first time, we see Booth and his girlfriend walking in. As we see this, the camera moves to the right and past a PC monitor that reflects the camera operator and rig. (00:06:45)
The Mastodon in the Room - S6-E1
Continuity mistake: When Hodgins and Angela are talking in the diner at the end, Hodgins' hand keeps moving when resting his head in it. (00:38:20)
The Beginning in the End - S5-E22
Continuity mistake: At the start, the amount of maggots in the boy's hair changes between shots. (00:00:30)
The Witch in the Wardrobe - S5-E20
Continuity mistake: Bones draws a circle around the pentagram; however, it changes designs when we next see it. (00:35:10)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: At the very end of the episodes, Booth is holding his beer by his mouth. As the camera does its final change of angle and starts to fade out, he is now drinking his beer, despite an instant cut. (00:41:15)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: Booth holds out the cheque for Dimitri Vladov to see. It is either held horizontally or vertically, depending on the camera angle. (00:29:40)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: When Booth is holding up Ben's cheque, the way he holds it changes from the front view and the over-the-shoulder view. (00:24:50)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: When we first see the skull, it has all its teeth in place. When the skull lands on the bottom of the tank, a top tooth is missing. (00:04:20)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: At the start, the woman has her hand on her bag in one shot, but when the changes, it's no longer on the bag strap. (00:00:15)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.