The Mastodon in the Room - S6-E1
Continuity mistake: In the diner, when looking at the X-Ray with a glass, Dr. Brennan's grip on the glass changes. Note the lip. (00:25:30)
The Mastodon in the Room - S6-E1
Continuity mistake: When Hodgins and Angela are talking in the diner at the end, Hodgins' hand keeps moving when resting his head in it. (00:38:20)
The Couple in the Cave - S6-E2
Continuity mistake: When Dr. Clark Edison apologizes for talking about Brennan and Booth "not getting all butt naked" together, Angela is standing near Cam, but when Hodgins tells Clark "dude, a little self control" Angela is now standing on the other side of the platform beside Clark. (00:06:40)
The Couple in the Cave - S6-E2
Visible crew/equipment: In the FBI building, for the first time, we see Booth and his girlfriend walking in. As we see this, the camera moves to the right and past a PC monitor that reflects the camera operator and rig. (00:06:45)
The Couple in the Cave - S6-E2
Continuity mistake: The photo of the victims that Sweets and Booth has out in the park goes from folded and rumpled to straight and neat between shots. (00:17:50)
The Couple in the Cave - S6-E2
Continuity mistake: When Sweets holds out the picture of the victims for Mr. Winkle to look at, his grip on the paper changes between shots. (00:18:00)
The Couple in the Cave - S6-E2
Continuity mistake: At the end, when Booth and Hannah leave the bar, Booth puts some money on the bar to pay for his drink. When the shot shows Bones alone at the bar, and the shot is zooming out, the money on the bar has completely changed position from the previous shot. (00:40:50)
The Maggots in the Meathead - S6-E3
Continuity mistake: The two slivers that Fisher removes from the skull are placed under a microscope. However, the items move on the screen between the three different camera angles. (00:31:20)
The Bones That Weren't - S6-E5
Continuity mistake: When Derek takes Booth's watch, he holds it up over his index finger to show Booth. When Booth grabs the watch, Derek is now holding it with his thumb and index finger. (00:18:40)
The Shallow in the Deep - S6-E6
Continuity mistake: At the end, when in the diner, there is a very long shot of Daisey and Sweets, followed by a close-up. Their positions change between these angles. Most noticeably, Daisey's right arm. (00:39:20)
Continuity mistake: When Cam sits down with some catalogues for Michelle at the start, Michelle's hands change place between camera angles. In one shot, she has her left arm out straight, and in the next, she is fiddling with her right hand. (00:07:00)
The Twisted Bones in the Melted Truck - S6-E8
Continuity mistake: At the end the amount of chocolate ice cream on Parker's chin keeps changing.
The Twisted Bones in the Melted Truck - S6-E8
Factual error: The magnesium shop owner shows a forearm tattoo of "Patton's Third Army," which is actually a patch for the Third Armored Division. Third Army was a large A patch.
The Bullet in the Brain - S6-E11
Factual error: Bone mentions Booth holds the "official record for the longest shot, almost a kilometer", and Booth corrects her to "over a kilometer." The record at the time was actually well over 2km, held by Corporal Rob Furlong, a Canadian sniper (since been beaten, it currently stands at 3.5km). In fact plenty of sniper kills had been recorded at over a kilometer since the late 19th century.
The Blackout in the Blizzard - S6-E16
Continuity mistake: The scene in which Wendell and Hodgins use scotch tape to take an x-ray has the number of photographic panels on which the x-ray appears switching from four (throughout most of the scene) to five (in the close up of the x-ray appearing).
The Blackout in the Blizzard - S6-E16
Continuity mistake: Toward the end in the elevator, Bones says there may be a way out by jumping on the seats to break them because of the rusted bolts between the 1st and 2nd seats, and they break. But at the end in Booth's apartment they are sitting in the seats, and they are numbered 1-4, but the seats look like they broke between seats 1 and 2. When the seats are intact there are 5 of them, so it should have been seats 2-5 that were intact at the end.
The Feet on the Beach - S6-E17
Plot hole: Dr. Filmore stated that he was reading on Thursday May 9th and his arm stopped working. May 9th hasn't been on a Thursday since 2002. Hard to believe that he would be working for almost 10 years with his arms being paralyzed.
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.