Other mistake: When Booth says about passing the journey in quiet meditation, the background outside the car (which is s projection) flashes white very briefly. (00:02:50)
The Woman in the Garden - S1-E13
Other mistake: Just after Booth realises the drive by was done to help the gang member escape, we see him run up to Bones who's on the forensic platform. However Booth doesn't swipe his pass to allow him entry. Whenever anyone walks up without swiping the card, a siren goes off and the security guard stops them. Regardless of who they are, as demonstrated in several episodes. (00:06:00)
The Skull in the Desert - S1-E17
Other mistake: When Bones, Booth and Angela are in the desert looking for the crime scene and sheriff's sister, Booth mentions they are at least five days walking distance from the highway. A few moments later you can see trucks and other vehicles go by on a highway in the far background. (00:30:02 - 00:31:22)
Other mistake: Hodges and Angie find a piece of paper buried with Bones' mother and they tell Bones that the date of the movie is September 22, 1993. The ticket has two dates, September 22, 1993 and in two different places it says April 22, 1993. The Fugitive was released August 6th, 1993.
Other mistake: At the start, when Hodgins gives his findings at the scene a fly can be seen crawling over the camera lens. (00:02:00)
Other mistake: Bones produces a gun and states that she got it herself. However it is explained in earlier episodes she is not legally allowed a weapon due to being arrested for shooting a suspect.
Soccer Mom in the Mini-Van - S3-E2
Other mistake: When Hodgins runs up to the platform near the end, to discuss the debris of the watch, the security card reader goes off (as if someone were swiping their card). But there's nobody near it, and we see Hodgins step up the centre of the stairs, nowhere near the machine. About 30 seconds later, Angela comes up as well, but we hear the reader beep, and within a second or so, she's already well up on the platform, much further than possible based on her casual walking speed coming into the scene. (00:37:00)
Other mistake: While driving in the car both Booth and Bones have the windows wide open yet their hair never moves or blows in the wind. (00:14:20)
The Knight on the Grid - S3-E8
Other mistake: Towards the end of the episode, Bones and Booth visit social services and discover the identify of an elderly man whom they then suspect to be a Gormagon Master, who had retired from social services and lived in a nursing home. Much earlier in the episode, back at the lab, there is a glass panel with a flow chart of Masters and Apprentice Gormagon's - one labeled Master has the picture of the old man from the nursing home - this is before the visit to social services or the nursing home. (00:28:20)
The Knight on the Grid - S3-E8
Other mistake: The Gorgomon's bank vault discovered earlier in this season, is cluttered with 'stuff'. But in this episode, Zach discovers that multiple mirrors in the area were placed with care (and not randomly) to allow an video/audio device to see 'all parts of the vault'. First-I doubt any camera would be good enough to see much of anything except the one mirror it was looking at, much less multiple mirrored views (Zach used a laser to show the mirror positions). Second-the Jeffersonian staff are examining all the 'stuff' - they'd have to move some things to use equipment, etc. to check them out. It can be assumed they would have put things back in their original place/position, but it would have been impossible to re-place everything in so precisely the same position that the view, via multiple mirrors, would be the same.
Other mistake: Early in the episode, when the body from the outhouse is in the lab, the gang are all wearing bio-hazard suits. Sweets' suit has an opening along the rear-left section of the facemask - perhaps 3" long, and a half-inch high - making the point of the suit completely useless. (00:05:10)
The Bones on a Blue Line - S5-E15
Other mistake: In the subway tunnel Daisey is surprised to see a white cane and comes to the conclusion the victim was blind, However, in the scene before this, it was established on the forensics platform that the victim was blind due to a surgical implant. (00:12:00)
The Prince in the Plastic - S7-E3
Other mistake: Brennan finds Angela assembling a child's toy. She asks "what is all this?" and Angela replies "this is a walking toy for my girl." But Angela didn't have a baby girl, she had a baby boy - Michael Staccato Vincent Hodgins. (00:15:00)
The Ghost in the Machine - S8-E9
Other mistake: Bones states she doesn't like to make assumptions in sex based on just the skull. However this is something she has done from the start. (00:01:10)
The Party in the Pants - S8-E22
Other mistake: The body falls from the excavator revealing there is no other debris in the excavator. However when the team get there they are told that the load in the bucket fell on the body, crushing the head. (00:03:15)
The Brother in the Basement - S11-E2
Other mistake: Dr Brennan barges into the interrogation at the end of the episode. Aubrey exclaims out "Dr. Brennan" however, he exclaims before he has seen who it is. (00:33:10)
The Cowboy in the Contest - S11-E9
Other mistake: During one of the shoot outs, Bones misses a target but is scored a perfect 12.
The Doom in the Boom - S11-E10
Other mistake: Aubrey suffers severe shrapnel wounds to his back as explained in the episode. However in the hospital he is lying on his back and sat up in bed. (00:17:35)
The Murder of the Meninist - S11-E12
Other mistake: Cam is burning a pork human analogue which is alight with flames. When the analogue explodes and covers Hodgins in meat, he is not burnt by the searing meat. (00:27:25)
The Final Chapter: The Scare in the Score - S12-E7
Other mistake: It is found that the bad guys used Brennan's father's pacemaker to find where the safe house is at. An FBI agent at the scene then states that they "never expected Brennan's father" to be there despite him being the reason they found the place.
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.